Estimation of Heterosis and the Combining Ability Effect for Yield and Its Attributes in Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Using PCA and GGE Biplots

Field pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a highly nutritious winter-season pulse crop. It used as food, feed, and fodder offers nutritional security to low-income people in developing countries. Different graphical approaches like Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Genotype + × Environment (GGE) biplots were along with the conventional line tester identify efficient parents, combining ability effects distinct heterotic groups field L.). The study design (9 3) for seed yield its associated traits. In analysis, lines Aman HFP 715 GP02/1108, well crosses Pant P-243 1426 showed best GCA (General Combining Ability) SCA (Specific effects, respectively, attributes. σ2SCA > σ2GCA, σ2D σ2A almost all traits indicated control of non-additive gene effects. High manifestations heterobeltiosis evidenced by superiority 24 out 27 over better parent. highest significant was observed cross followed IPF 14-16 1426, DDR-23 GP02/1108 biplot techniques analyze data compare their results analysis. Overall, analysis very similar those traditional Consequently, it can surely be assumed that these methods could helpful presenting from breeding experiments carried design.